RESERVE Bank board member Warwick McKibbin has warned that Australia is being caught up in a global bubble that could hit us much harder than the global financial crisis and expose the weaknesses of Labor’s economic settings.
Professor McKibbin told The Australian the bubble in global commodity prices and property markets in Asia threatened to dwarf the US housing market bubble that led to the GFC in 2008. He warned that the inevitable bursting of the bubble would reverse the surge in Australia’s record high terms of trade, push down the dollar and leave the Reserve Bank struggling to fight off rising global inflation pressures.
“This is shaping to be much bigger than 2004 to 2007,” he said in comparing the new excess of global liquidity with the global financial bubble that led to the worst global financial crisis since the 1930s. “This cycle is even bigger.”
Professor McKibbin suggested the surge in global liquidity fuelled by US monetary expansion had echoes of the early 1970s surge in food, mining and energy prices that led to global “stagflation”, or the combination of high inflation and high unemployment.
The Reserve Bank meets tomorrow and is expected to keep official interest rates on hold following a week in which political instability in North Africa and the Middle East has pushed oil to more than $US100 ($98) a barrel.
An internationally renowned macroeconomist at the Australian National University, Professor McKibbin has been a Reserve Bank board member since 2001. He is not expected to be reappointed by Wayne Swan when his second term ends in July following his criticisms of Labor’s budget stimulus spending and now its flood levy.
Yet if it proves correct, Professor McKibbin’s warning would pose a dilemma for the Reserve Bank over whether to jack up interest rates in response to global inflation pressures just as our export prices start to fall.
Professor McKibbin said the bursting of the new global bubble would severely test the Gillard government’s budget settings and its reregulation of the job market. “We have not tested these changes that have come under the Rudd-Gillard era,” he said.
“We are about to.”
His analysis suggests much of the surge in mining, energy and food prices is being driven by the near zero official interest rates and so-called quantitative easing of credit conditions in the US and Europe in the wake of the GFC.
The Reserve Bank’s commodity price index has jumped 49 per cent in the past year that includes a recent 9 per cent jump driven by a surge in food prices.
Reserve Bank governor Glenn Stevens last week noted strong demand from China and India had fuelled the surge in Australia’s terms of trade — the ratio of the prices we get for exports compared to the prices we pay for imports — to their highest sustained level for at least 140 years.
This was producing the biggest mining development boom in a century.
But Professor McKibbin suggested that perhaps 40 per cent of this terms of trade surge was being driven by US and European monetary expansion, which is feeding generalised inflation pressures.
“That is why inflation is taking off all over the world,” he told The Australian.
“It is already out of the bag. As interest rates go up, a whole bunch of assets and balance sheets will get crunched, so I am not optimistic.”
Professor McKibben said Australia should have been generating budget surpluses to direct into a sovereign wealth fund as the terms of trade has surged to record highs. And should have been deregulating the job market to help the economy digest the looming terms of trade reversal.
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